What are common symptoms of foodborne illness?

Foodborne illnesses manifest in a variety of ways, and the common symptoms are pertinent for food safety. Nausea, diarrhea, fever, and dehydration are critical indicators of foodborne illnesses. These symptoms often occur as the body reacts to pathogens—such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites—found in contaminated food or beverages.

Nausea usually precedes vomiting, helping to expel the harmful substances from the body. Diarrhea is a common response as the intestines attempt to rid themselves of the infectious agents while also responding to the toxins they produce. Fever signifies an immune response to the infection, indicating that the body is fighting off the invading microorganisms. Dehydration often results from the loss of fluids due to diarrhea and vomiting, making it a serious concern that can exacerbate the illness.

Other symptom options, while they may occur in various health issues, do not directly correlate to foodborne illness as prominently as those listed in the correct answer. For instance, abdominal cramps may be present but need to be viewed in conjunction with diarrhea or other gastrointestinal symptoms to suggest a foodborne illness context. Fatigue and dry skin are often nonspecific symptoms not unique to foodborne illness. Joint pain and muscle cramps are typically associated with other health conditions rather